Sexism Within Advertising A New Era Of Social Justice

Sexism within Advertisements As a whole, this society has greatly improved, with new cures to old diseases, more efficient ways to complete daily tasks, and new technology with information at our fingertips. Along with these newfound practices, humanity has also given rise to a new era of social justice. Humans everywhere are working everyday to ensure everyone is treated with equality and respect. Nevertheless, humanity still has a long way to go. The mission will not be complete until there is not a single example of mistreatment. However, many of these mistreatments have been normalized so the task of completely eradicating them will be even more difficult. An example of these mistreatments is sexism in advertising. Sexism is obviously†¦show more content†¦Last month, household goods company Unilever said it would â€Å"unstereotype† its adverts after research suggested that 2% of ads showed intelligent women† (Davies and Obordo 15). Advertisements that continue to show a lack of s "educated† women have the potential of instilling predetermined values within the minds of those in a society and raising younger generations to believe they cannot result to move. Along with supposedly â€Å"rectifying† a woman’s place in society, advertisements develop a sublime message which shows women as the inferior gender. In the 1980s, the Women’s Monitoring Networks started a project called ‘sexism in the media’. Over the course of a few days, they asked women in the UK to send in clippings of sexist advertisements. Of all the six they received, each one of them included themes of patriarchy (Blloshi 7). Blloshi further explains the themes of patriarchy that were included. For example, â€Å"†¦Courtney and Lockeretz (1971, p. 94) coded and grouped 729 advertisemts into the following stereotypes of women: ...â€Å"Women are dependent and need men’s protection†...(Blloshi 6-7). In this case, women are shown amount t o nothing. This has a negative impact on a whole gender as well as individual woman themselves. Psychological damage is a possibility as well being caught in an abusiveShow MoreRelatedMasculinity in the Media3136 Words   |  13 Pagesturned 19 because the gun-ho warrior spirit appealed to me. One key concept in this essay is that within the media there is a clear association between masculinity and violence. Another concept shows that there has been an ongoing theme in history that portrays men as violent, aggressive, dominant and warrior like. The third key concept is that the portrayal of violent, aggressive men within the media has an influence on men that may encourage violent and careless acts. I have provided examplesRead Moreunethical advertising14492 Words   |  58 PagesGenerally speaking, advertising is the promotion of goods, services and ideas, usually by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling and sales promotion. Advertisement Advertising is a form of communication whose purpose is to inform potential customers about products and services and how to obtain and use them. Many advertisements are also designe d toRead MoreNew World Order in Conspiracy Theory13987 Words   |  56 Pages------------------------------------------------- New World Order (conspiracy theory) This article is about the use of the term  New World Order  in conspiracy theory. For other uses, see  New World Order (disambiguation). The reverse side of the  Great Seal of the United States  (1776). 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The 10 Best Narrative Nonfiction Books for Middle Graders in 2019

Advertising job likes and dislikes listening exercise

In this listening comprehension you will hear a woman speaking about what she likes and dislikes about her advertising industry job. Listen to what she says and decide whether the following statements are true or false. You will hear the listening twice. Try to listen without reading the listening transcript. After you have finished, check your answers below to see if you have answered the questions correctly. Listen to the selection. Advertising Job Quiz Her job is extremely diverse.She spends a lot of time on the phone.She telephones people to ask them survey questions.The most important thing is what people think.They can lose jobs if sales decrease.She enjoys the artistic nature of her job.Her best idea came when she was brainstorming.Brainstorming is done alone.One great idea alone can bring success.You can lose your job easily.What profession does she work in? Listening Transcript Well, everyday for me is different. I mean to say that some days I speak to clients for hours and hours, and try to convince them that our ideas are the best.   A lot of my time is spent on research. Well, we have to deal with all the viewing and readership figures. We make up our own surveys to discover what a cross section of people think. We dont just look at what people think, but because what really counts is: What sells the goods? The simple fact is that if we dont show a rise in sales we lose a customer.   The part I really enjoy is the creativity. Its funny really. I get ideas in the most peculiar places. The best idea I ever got was one time when I was sitting in the bath. I jumped out and wrote it down immediately. We also do what we call brainstorming. That is: pooling and sharing our ideas. And we get the best ideas this way. That is as a result of teamwork. I mean, alright, we depend on everybody being creative, and this often happens best when youre working alone. But without a good team, no campaign has a hope in hell of succeeding. A good agency is, in fact, a team of individuals who work well alone, but also together.   Hmmm, the drawbacks. Now, the biggest drawback of my work is that you stand or fall by your results. If you cant think of new ideas, or you make an expensive mistake then you get fired. And youre out of a job. Thats always worrying, I can tell you.   Quiz Answers True - Every day is different. She states Well, everyday for me is different.True - Sometimes she spends hours and hours on the phone with one client. She states, I speak to clients for hours and hours and try to convince them that our ideas our best.False - She does research on data they get from surveys. She states  A lot of my time is spent on research.False - Sales is the most important thing. She states  ... because what really counts is: What sells the goods?True - If sales dont rise, they can lose a customer. She states  The simple fact is that if we dont show a rise in sales we lose a customer.True - She really enjoys the creativity. She states  The party I really enjoy is the creativity.False -She was sitting in a bath. She states  The best idea I ever got was one time when I was sitting in the bath.  False - Brainstorming is when everybody gets together to come up with ideas.  She states  ... we call brainstorming. That is: pooling and sharing our ideas.Fals e - Teamwork is required for success. She states  A good agency is a team of individuals who work well alone, but also together.True - If you make a mistake you can get fired.  She states  If you make an expensive mistake then you get fired.  Advertising

Emergency Driving Procedures - 752 Words

Emergency Driving Procedures Emergency situations sometimes arise that prevent your car from functioning properly. While these can be scary situations, it is important to remain calm, and know what to do when these situations arise. From brake failure to engine fires, always follow a few tips. How to Avoid Vehicle Malfunction 1. Although some vehicle malfunctions may not be avoidable, routine maintenance helps keep the vehicle functioning at its best. Get oil changes every three months or after every 3,000 miles of driving. Also have your mechanic check brake fluid levels and power steering fluid levels. Pay attention to gauges while driving. If the oil light or check engine light turn on, drive slowly, stay away from heavy†¦show more content†¦If the car is parked in a safe location, call your mechanic or local tow truck company, and have the vehicle towed to a repair location. Do not try to flag down other traffic. Put the hood up on your vehicle and tie a white shirt or cloth to the your car antenna or window. If your car is safely removed from oncoming traffic, remain in the car with doors locked. If the car is still unsafe, move away from traffic and stand to the side of theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Drugs On The Human Body1208 Words   |  5 Pagesexercise and in an emergency situation. Then, the stimulating drugs, such as coke and meth were tested, to see their effects on strength. Despite the fact that these users realized the negative impact of drugs, their addiction prevented them from helping themselves, and accepting the help of others. At the beginning of the video, the first experiment for the drug users was to perform a task that’s done every day. 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Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah Free Essays

string(278) " important right to use the land in the shape of separate electorates, but they have already admit to be true to them by the government in 1909 but upto this time they resisted by the Congress Meanwhile, a new force in Indian politics had appeared in the person of Mohan Das K\." Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah My Topic is about any Leader, so In this world there are many leaders. We know most of them, but my essay is about â€Å"Quaid-e-Azam†. He was a Great politician and statesman of 20th century. We will write a custom essay sample on Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was generally known as the father of state of Pakistan. He was the leader of The Muslim League and served as the first Governor General of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam was his official names. His real name is Mohammad Ali Jinnah. Quaid-e-Azam (â€Å"The Great Leader†) and Baba-e-Qaum(â€Å"Father of the Nation†) was the name given by the public of Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam, Muhammad Ali Jinnah was born on 25th December 1876 at Wazir Mansion, Karachi of lower Sindh. He was the first of seven children of Jinnah bhai, who was a rich and successful Gujrati merchant. He moved to Sindh from Gujrat before Jinnah’s birth. His Grandfather’s name is Poonja Gokuldas, which is an Indian name. His cast was Rajput, which is an indian cast but these Rajputs were converted to Islam. Jinnah’s family belongs to Shiia Islam. At first Jinnah was being taught at home then he was sent to the Sindh Madrasah tul Islam in 1887 and thn changed his school to Gokal Das Taj Primary School in Mumbai and then finally he joined the Christian Missionary Society High School in Karachi, where at 16 he passed the matric examination of the University of Bombay. On the advice of an English friend, his father decided to send him to England to acquire business experience. Jinnah, however, had made up his mind to become a barrister, then in the same year 1892, Jinnah joined the office of Graham’s Shipping and Trading Company at London, this company had extensive dealings with Jinnahbhai Poonja’s firm in Karachi. In keeping the custom of time, his parents urge him for marrige with his distant cousin Emibai Jinnah, who was two years junior of him. His marriage was not to long last, his wife was died when he was on a temporary stay at England then his mother was also passed away. In London, Jinnah left the Trading Company and joined Lincoln’s Inn to study Law. After 3 years at the age of 19 he became the youngest indian to be called to the bar in England and He completed his formal studies and also made a study of the British political system. He was greatly influenced by the liberalism of William E. Gladstone, who had become prime minister for the fourth time in 1892; that was the year of Jinnah’s arrival at London. Jinnah also took a keen interest in the affairs of India and in Indian students. When the Parsi leader â€Å"Dada bhai Naoroji†, a leading Indian nationalist, tried for the British Parliament then, Jinnah and other Indian students worked day and night for him. Their efforts were crowned with success, and Naoroji became the first Indian to sit in the House of Commons. When Jinnah returned to Karachi in 1896, he found that his father’s business had suffered losses and that he now had to depend on himself. He decided to start his legal practice in Bombay, but it took him years of work to establish himself as a lawyer. It was nearly 10 years later that he turned toward active politics. A man without hobbies, his interest became divided between law and politics. Nor was he a religious zealot: he was a Muslim in a broad sense and had little to do with group discussion about Islam. His interest in women was also limited to Ruttenbai, the daughter of Sir Dinshaw Petit, a Bombay Parsi millionaire–whom he married over tremendous opposition from her parents and others. The marriage proved an unhappy one. It was his sister Fatima who gave him solace and company. Jinnah first entered politics by participating in the 1906 Calcutta session of the Indian National Congress, Jinnah did not favour totally in Independence, he considered British influences on education, law, culture and industry as beneficial to India. Jinnah became a member on the sixty-member Imperial Legislative Council. Four years later he was elected one of the sixty-member Imperial Legislative Council, then he was appointed to the Sandhurst committee, which helped to establish the Indian Military Academy at Dehra Dun. During World War I, Jinnah joined other Indian moderates in supporting the British war effort, hoping that Indians would be rewarded with political freedoms. He admired the British political system to raise the status of India in the international community and to develop a sense of Indian nationhood among the peoples of India. At that time, he still looked upon Muslim interests in the context of Indian nationalism. But, by the beginning of the 20th century, the belief had been growing among the Muslims that their interests demanded the preservation of their separate identity rather than live mixed with in the Indian nation, it is impossible for Muslims to be with Hindus. All-India Muslim League was founded in 1906. But Jinnah was initially avoiding to join it because it was too Muslim oriented. Eventually, he joined the league in 1913 and he became its chief organizer in 1916 at Bombay and was elected president of the Bombay branch. Ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity,† Jinnah, tried seriously to bring about the political union of Hindus and Muslims. It gave him the title of â€Å"the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity†. It was largely through his efforts that the Congress and the Muslim League began to hold their annual sessions jointly, to facilitate mutual consultation and participation. In 1915 the two organizations held their meetings in Bombay and in Lucknow in 1916, where the Lucknow Pact was concluded. Under the terms of the pact, the two organizations put their seal to a scheme of constitutional reform that became their joint demand to the British Government. There was a good deal of give and take, but the Muslims obtained one important right to use the land in the shape of separate electorates, but they have already admit to be true to them by the government in 1909 but upto this time they resisted by the Congress Meanwhile, a new force in Indian politics had appeared in the person of Mohan Das K. You read "Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah" in category "Essay examples" Gandhi. Both the Home Rule League and the Indian National Congress had come under his sway. Opposed to Gandhi’s Non-co-operation Movement and his necessary Hindu approach to politics, Jinnah left both the League and the Congress in 1920. For a few years he kept himself away from the main political movements. He continued to be a firm believer in Hindu-Muslim unity and constitutional methods for the achievement of political ends. After his withdrawal from the Congress, he used the Muslim League platform for the theory of his views. But during the 1920s the Muslim League, and with it Jinnah were more prominent by the Congress and the religiously oriented Muslim Khilafat committee. When the failure of the Non-co-operation Movement and the emergence of Hindu revivalist movements led to antagonism and riots between the Hindus and Muslims, the league gradually began to come into its own. Jinnah’s problem during the following years was to convert the league into a progressive political body prepared to co-operate with other organizations working for the good of India. He had to convince the Congress, as a prerequisite for political progress, of the necessity of settling the Hindu-Muslim conflict. To bring about such a rapprochement was Jinnah’s chief purpose during the late 1920s and early 1930s. He worked toward this end within the legislative assembly, at the Round Table Conferences in London (1930-32), and through his 14 points, which included proposals for a federal form of government, greater rights for minorities, one-third representation for Muslims in the central legislature, separation of the predominantly Muslim Sindh region from the rest of the Bombay province, and the introduction of reforms in the north-west Frontier Province. But he failed. His failure to bring about even minor amendments in the Nehru Committee proposals (1928) over the question of separate electorates and reservation of seats for Muslims in the legislatures frustrated him. He found himself in an odd position at this time; many Muslims thought that he was too nationalistic in his policy and that Muslim interests were not safe in his hands, while the Indian National Congress would not even meet the moderate Muslim demands halfway. Indeed, the Muslim League was a house divided against itself. The Punjab Muslim League repudiated Jinnah’s leadership and organized itself separately. In this unwillingness, Jinnah decided to settle in England. From 1930 to 1935 he remained in London, devoting himself to practice before the Privy Council. But when constitutional changes were in the offing, he was persuaded to return home to reorganize the Muslim League. Soon preparations started for the elections under the Government of India Act of 1935. Jinnah was still thinking in terms of co-operation between the Muslim League and the Hindu Congress and with coalition governments in the provinces. But the elections of 1937 proved to be a turning point in the relations between the two organizations The Congress obtained an absolute majority in six provinces, and the league did not do particularly well. The Congress decided not to include the league in the formation of provincial governments, and all-Congress governments were excluded. Jinnah had originally been unreliable about the practicability of Pakistan, An idea that Sir Muhammad Iqbal had proposed to the Muslim League conference of 1930, but before long he became convinced that a Muslim homeland on the Indian subcontinent was the only way of safeguarding Muslim interests and the Muslim way of life. It was not religious persecution that he feared so much as the future exclusion of Muslims from all prospects of advancement within India as soon as power became vested in the close-knit structure of Hindu social organization. To guard against this danger he carried on a nation-wide campaign to warn his religion fellows for the serious danger of their position, and he converted the Muslim League into a powerful instrument to unite the Muslims into a nation. Jinnah issued a call for all Muslims to launch â€Å"Direct Action† on August 16 to â€Å"achieve Pakistan† Strikes and protests were planned, but violence broke out all over South Asia, especially in Calcutta and the district of Noakhali in Bengal, and more than 7,000 people were killed in Bihar. Although viceroy Lord Wavell declared that there was â€Å"no satisfactory evidence to that effect†, League politicians were blamed by the Congress and the media to arrange the violence. Temporary Government portfolios were announced on October 25, 1946. Muslim people were sworn on October 26, 1946. The League entered the temporary government, but Jinnah avoid from accepting office for himself. This was credited as a major victory for Jinnah, as the League entered government having rejected both plans, and was allowed to appoint an equal number of ministers despite being the minority party. The Congress agreed to the division of Punjab and Bengal along religious lines in late 1946. The new viceroy Lord Mountbatten and Indian civil servant V. P. Menon proposed a plan that would create a Muslim dominion in West Punjab, East Bengal, Baluchistan and Sindh. After heated and emotional debate, the Congress approved the plan. The North-West Frontier Province voted to join Pakistan in a referendum in July 1947. Jinnah asserted in a speech in Lahore on October 30, 1947 that the League had accepted independence of Pakistan because â€Å"the consequences of any other alternative would have been too disastrous to imagine†. Jinnah led his movement with such skill and tenacity that ultimately both the Congress and the British government had no option but to agree to the partitioning of India. Pakistan thus emerged as an independent state in 14th August, 1947. Jinnah became the first head of the new state ‘Pakistan’. He took oath as the first governor general on August 15, 1947. Faced with the serious problems of a young nation, he tackled Pakistan’s problems with authority. Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah was nominated by the Muslim League as the Governor-General of Pakistan, while the Congress appointed Mountbatten as India’s first Governor-General. Pakistan. He was very hard worker from his student life, he worked hard until over aged and illness in Karachi. He died on 11th September 1948 at Karachi. In recognition of his singular contribution. Indeed, few nations in the world have started on their career with less resources and in more treacherous circumstances. The new nation did not inherit a central government, a capital, an administrative core or an organized defense force. Its social and administrative resources were poor, there was little equipment and still less statistics. The Punjab holocaust had left vast areas in a shambles with communications disrupted. This, along with the migration of the Hindu and Sikh business and managerial classes, left the economy almost shattered. The treasury was empty, India having denied Pakistan the major share of its cash balances. On top of all this, the still unorganized nation was called upon to feed some eight million refugees who had fled the insecurities and barbarities of the north Indian plains that long, hot summer. If all this was symptomatic of Pakistan’s administrative and economic weakness, the Indian annexation, through military action in November 1947, of Junagadh (which had originally acceded to Pakistan) and the Kashmir war over the State’s accession (October 1947-December 1948) exposed her military weakness. The nation desperately needed a charismatic leader at that critical juncture in the nation’s history, and he fulfilled that need profoundly. After all, he was more than a mere Governor-General, he was the Quaid-e-Azam who had brought the State into being. In the ultimate analysis, his very presence at the helm of affairs was responsible for enabling the newly born nation to overcome the terrible crisis on the morrow of its cataclysmic birth. He mustered up the immense prestige and the unquestioning loyalty he commanded among the people to energize them, to raise their morale, and directed the profound feelings of patriotism that the freedom had generated, along constructive channels. Though tired and in poor health, Jinnah yet carried the heaviest part of the burden in that first crucial year. He laid down the policies of the new state, called attention to the immediate problems confronting the nation and told the members of the Constituent Assembly, the civil servants and the Armed Forces what to do and what the nation expected of them. He saw to it that law and order was maintained at all costs, despite the provocation that the large-scale riots in north India had provided. He moved from Karachi to Lahore for a while and supervised the immediate refugee problem in the Punjab. He settled the controversial question of the states of Karachi, secured the accession of States, especially of Kalat which seemed problematical and carried on negotiations with Lord Mountbatten for the settlement of the Kashmir Issue. The sense of supreme satisfaction at the fulfillment of his mission that Jinnah told the nation in his last message on 14 August, 1948: â€Å"The foundations of your State have been laid and it is now for you to build and build as quickly and as well as you can†. In accomplishing the task he had taken upon himself on the morrow of Pakistan’s birth, Jinnah had worked himself to death, but he had, to quote Richard Simons, â€Å"contributed more than any other man to Pakistan’s survival†. How true was Lord Pethick Lawrence, the former Secretary of State for India, when he said, â€Å"Gandhi died by the hands of an assassin, Jinnah died by his devotion to Pakistan†. Through the 1940s, Jinnah suffered from tuberculosis only his sister and a few others close to him were aware of his condition. In 1948, Jinnah’s health began to falter, hindered further by the heavy workload that had fallen upon him following Pakistan’s independence from British Rule. Attempting to recuperate, he spent many months at his official retreat in Ziarat, but died on September 11, 1948 (just over a year after independence) from a combination of tuberculosis and lung cancer. His funeral was followed by the construction of a massive mausoleum (Mazar-e-Quaid) in Karachi to honour him; official and military ceremonies are hosted there on special occasions. The Agha Khan considered him â€Å"the greatest man he ever met†, Beverley Nichols, the author of `Verdict on India’, called him â€Å"the most important man in Asia†, and Dr. Kailashnath Katju, the West Bengal Governor in 1948, thought of him as â€Å"an outstanding figure of this century not only in India, but in the whole world†. While Abdul Rahman Azzam Pasha, Secretary General of the Arab League, called him â€Å"one of the greatest leaders in the Muslim world†, the Grand Mufti of Palestine considered his death as a â€Å"great loss† to the entire world of Islam. It was, however, given to Surat Chandra Bose, leader of the Forward Bloc wing of the Indian National Congress, to sum up succinctly his personal and political achievements. â€Å"Mr. Jinnah† he said on his death in 1948, â€Å"was great as a lawyer, once great as a Congressman, great as a leader of Muslims, great as a world politician and diplomat, and greatest of all as a man of action, By Mr. Jinnah’s passing away, the world has lost one of the greatest statesmen and Pakistan its life-giver, philosopher and guide†. Such was Quaid-e-Azam Mohammed Ali Jinnah, the man and his mission, such the range of his accomplishments and achievements. Analysis: Quaid-e-Azam was a great leader, brilliant Muslim lawyer and having a great personality. He was an Indian Muslim and not so much believer of Islam, his style was like an English man. He fought for india’s freedom, as the first President of Indian National Congress, but it was hard to continue with them, so he decided to join Muslim League. After joining the Muslim League, his goal was to create a separate, independent homeland for Muslims of the Indian Sub-continent, where they could flourish freely without interference from or competition with the politically, educationally and economically dominant Hindu majority in South Asia. He was the first Leader, who separated to different nations and religions. He had the believe that every religion has its own ways to spend life, and it was difficult for the Muslims to spend their life in their own way. so he created a separate and independent country for Muslims. Now I want to follow him, and to make Muslims together on one platform, to be a separate Muslim power, against the Jews. Bibliography http:/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah How to cite Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Essay examples

Definitive Of Broadband Wireless Networks â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Definitive Of Broadband Wireless Networks? Answer: Introduction The network design following the criteria mentioned will be carried out. The requirements will be formulated to meet the features of a safe network. Proper connections and justification for using different devices and their purpose will be mentioned. The network will be designed by keeping the user communities in mind. To design a WAN for two offices with business constraints and security features. Sydney office and Singapore office should be provided with a desirable Network setup establishing proper communication and connection between the client and the servers. Business Goals and Constraints In implementation process the requirements are the major part. The design of this project is to develop and run the network for both the offices located in Singapore and Sydney. This is the main requirement of this project. The requirements should meet the designing of the system and running functional architecture. (Ecomputernotes.com, 2017). Technical Goals and Tradeoffs To identify the requirements of all the network. To generate IP address for internal communication. The design process should meet all the hardware requirements. To protect the system and files the security should be able to provide for every level. LAN network is connected to the all systems. The proper channel should be used for communication and security purposes, if there is any miscommunication will be happened. The whole area of the building should be covered by the network. To reduce the cost for as much as possible in the organization. (Kushki, Plataniotis and Venetsanopoulos, 2012). User Communities and Network Applications The user communities who use the network includes engineers, online customers, Data center admins, Internal email users ,Network Administrators and Other employees. Network applications are nothing but an architecture which uses client-server based communications. Server asks like a master and it provides service to the client. Client can be a computer, laptop or any device used by the end-user. A server to handle the Sydney office and another server to handle the Singapore office is essential. In addition to this the number of servers can be increased according to the requirement or the number of clients connected. (Mankell and Segerberg, 2012) List of Assumptions The following requirements are the other requirements that must be used for design process. The voice requirements are automatic call distribution. Virtual networking, voice conferencing, Interactive voice responses, voicemail, computer telephony integration. The design requirements for the infrastructure of LAN is described below. protocols for networking ,policy enabled networks, cabling media, switches, hubs, routers, multimedia, the tools must be needed for managing the networks like simulation, bandwidth are needed for designing the network. The wide area network structure requires the following technologies. For example transport technology like frame relay, ATM. and the other requirements are multimedia and multiplexing. The following assumptions are taken for designing the network. To implementing the project all funds are made available. To making the cost as low for implementation. The priorities will not cause any delay for implementation changes in delivering the project deliverables. After getting the proper permissions from the authorities, tower of antenna is installed if it is necessary. Based on the work plan preparation, all the users must agree for that to implementing the process. The bandwidth of the proposed system uses1mbps for the network. (Lutz, 2012). Logical Network Design The network diagram provides the network connections to two offices located at Sydney and Singapore. The network cloud is connected with two main routers each for an office. One of the main router is connected with other two routers one helping the server connections and other helping the client connections. The same setup is used for the other main router. Wide Area Network is established between the two offices. Firewall is also added for the purpose of security. WAN is the abbreviation of Wide Area Network. It exists over a large scale area. Two or more LANs can be connected with the help of WAN. The protocol used by WAN to establish communication with the devices like routers, switches, modems and firewalls is TCP/IP protocol. LAN is the abbreviation of Local Area Network. A LAN network is spread over small area. LAN is used for the interconnection of devices over a smaller area. LAN can interconnect devices such as scanners, storage devices and printers. A hardware device which assist to receive, analyze and move a packet from one network to another network is called the router. Router has difference in performance with switches and hubs. Router has the capability to analyze the data where switches and hubs can be only used to implement transfers. Firewalls is a security device for external network devices. It provide the service for Web, e-mail DNS and FTP. It operates based Tcp, source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number. It is used to control the traffic diminished. It is used to connect computer into other devices. It handles only the packets of data. It saves the bandwidth. It is more efficient. With the help of switch, one cloud allow or disallow the connection for the circuit. Physical Network Design a) Final network diagram Source file is attached here. b) Table of devices, software and total cost estimation The implementations used are the data base management for the two Sydney and Singapore branches and also the server creation to handle the webpages and websites and databases of the two branches. (Bayer, 2011) c) The explanation and justification of the network diagram The network diagram is designed following the top down methodology. The network cloud supplies internet to the two companys one at Sydney and other at Singapore. Router with IP address 172.16.0.29 is set for the Sydney office. The main router is connected with the firewall for the purpose of security. The firewall is connected to the switch and the switch has two other routers router1 and router 2 connected to two of its ports. Router 1 has establishes connection to the servers handling the databases and serving the clients. The router two connects different clients with the server with the help of the hub. The same setup is designed for the Singapore office also. WAN provides the internet connectivity between the two networks Sydney office and the Singapore office. (Edmond, 2013) d) The test plan that can be used to test the network A test plan is nothing but the plan that is done to test the behavior of the network. The test plan should cover the testing of following features. Resources Responsibilities Criteria Approach Procedures The types of testing that is done to test the performance of the network included the following Volume testing Stress Testing Recovery testing Security testing Performance testing Volume testing The goal of volume testing is to measure the application performance. It is done based on the variation of database. It is one type of nonfunctional testing. It is little bit different from load and stress testing. Stress testing It is used to measure the stability of the software application.it is also used to identify the failure of the system.it is a nonfunctional testing. The load limit of the stress testing is above threshold of break. It is used to check the staying power and response time. It fix the SLA for the software application. The load limit of the load testing is up to threshold of break. Examples of load testing: Write and read the data continuously in the hard disk. Send large job to test the printer. Access many mail boxes to test the mail server. Run many application in the server. Security testing It is commonly used in government work station, enterprises, schools and colleges. The network security is needed in five levels. The five levels are network, Application, Host, data and perimeter. e) The detailed test script for one of the tests in the test plan Security testing is nothing but the vulnerability scanning. Security testing can be done with the following soft wares or the devices like file integrity checkers, log reviewers, WAN drive testers and also by using some of the methods like penetration testing. (Goodall, 2016) Penetration testing In penetration testing, the testers evaluate the security features of a network based on the design and the implementation. Penetration testing is nothing but simulating the attack tools forcefully and test whether the network is able to resist the harm generated by the attack tools. Penetrating testing has four stages. They are Planning Discovery Attack Reporting Conclusion The network is designed following the provided criteria. The network is designed with safety features. Justification for the design and the network is given. References Bayer, W. (2011). Switch. [Hertford, NC]: Crossroad Press. Bhowmik, S. (2017). Cloud Computing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Breeding, M. (2012). Cloud computing. London: Facet. 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